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References

References:

Acott, C., Nimorakiotakis, B., and Winkel, K, D. (2005).  Venomous and toxic marine animals.  In D. Williams, S. Jenson, B. Nimorakiotakis, K.D. Winkle (Ed.), Venomous bites and stings in Papua New Guinea  (pp. 298-327). Brunswick, Victoria: Almar Press.

Australia Wide First Aid. (n.d.). Pressure immobilization bandage.  Retrieved from http://www.australiawidefirstaid.com.au/pressure-immobilisation-technique/

Health direct (August 2017).  Sea creature bites and stings.  Retrieved from https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sea-creature-stings

Mulachy, R., Stiles, D., Tewhatu, L., Lipp, T., Michael, A., . . . McBride, J., (2016).  Section 2:  Emergency / toxinology (bites and stings).  InMulachy, R., Stiles, D., Tewhatu, L., Lipp, T., Michael, A., . . . McBride, J., (Ed.), Primary clinical care manual 9th edition, (pp. 258-285).  The Rural and Remote Clinical Support Unit, Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Cairns

Webb, F. (Writer and director). (2017, April).  Snakes of Papua.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF-L-y7N4&t=1s 

All photos were taken from authors own images, Wix stock footage, and David R. Pattison gave permission to use his stingray photo.  Also special thanks to Fiona Webb, Dr. Diane Matthews, Sandra Ashworth and David Pattison for their editing help.

STAY SAFE ON THE BEACH AND IN THE OCEAN

You can help save lives by knowing what NOT to touch at the beach.  Also, by understanding basic first aid for tropical ocean bites and stings makes you empowered.  This site is not designed to bring fear, but to bring knowledge and prevention.

Enjoy the amazing beaches here in the tropics.

Lifering
Never Swim Alone
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